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The Basics Of The Web Hosting Business
By Jack C. Parker
The general focus of this article will be about Web businesses.
To put it simply, Web is a business that provides the service of storing, maintaining and serving Web pages to the Internet. Web companies take on the role of providing the needed infrastructure so that everyone can publish to the Internet. This infrastructure can be quite complicated and costly.
Internet service providers (ISPs) and Web companies are not the same thing. If you need Internet access then you need an ISP. However, if you want to add content to the Internet then you'll require a web company. Often times your ISP will provide a certain amount of free where you can publish a personal Web site. If you require a Web site for business purposes you'll definitely want a company that specializes in Web only.
Serving Web pages is not quite as easy as it may sound. Web sites need to be operational 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year. This puts an incredible amount of stress on both the people and the equipment that operate in a Web environment.
To properly host a large number of websites expensive equipment is needed. High-end computers are required to meet the ongoing demands. These computers, or Web page 'servers', use large amounts of power and get very hot. Additional power is then required to cool the Web servers off. They also require special facilities that are kept clean and cool. Large air conditioning units are used to pump in cold air directly to the computers. A good Web company will also have industrial size generators in case of a power outage.
Web hosts also need to connect their datacenter to a backbone provider.
Backbone providers, which are also called network service providers, allow the company to have access to the high speed Internet trunk lines. Network service providers sell network access by bandwidth. This bandwidth is bought by Web companies which then resell it to their clients. Bandwidth is the amount of information transferred in a given period of time across a specific communications line.
The mechanics of Web is quite complicated. In order to counter the large overhead companies deal in volume. Thousands of sites can be hosted on one Web server. It takes a specific amount of money to keep a Web server running 24 hours a day. So with each new Web site the cost per customer is decreased.
There is a cut off point though because too many Web sites on one server will cause a decrease in server performance. Customers may then experience a general slow down with their Web sites and might start to get page errors. A Web company must maintain a balance between the performance of the server and the high operational costs involved.
Web sites must be running all the time. This increases the human costs beyond that of a normal business. The company must maintain a staff on location at all times. Instead of just one 8 hour shift there are three 8 hour shifts. Weekends must be covered too. Usually though, off hours staff are there in a technical support capacity only.
In conclusion, many components must come together in order for Web sites to be viewable on the Internet. These different systems include computer hardware, software and networking. This combination together with the human component is what makes the Internet what it is today.
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